划完一章不等于读懂。真正的理解体现在推理、结构、意图上。下面 15 个 Prompt 围绕任意文本——教材章节、期刊论文、考试段落、小说节选——构建阅读理解练习。
适合哪些场景
高中和大学生，SAT / GRE / IELTS / TOEFL 考生，用第二语言练阅读的 ESL 学习者，想要锐利讨论问题的读书会主持。
什么时候不建议这样写 Prompt
只想要摘要时不用——这些 Prompt 故意从大意推到推理。也不要在你根本没读过文本时用——AI 生成的关于未读文本的问题只是知识竞赛。
Prompt 结构公式
阅读理解 Prompt 一定要带这六个要素：
- 角色：AI 扮演谁——研究导师、同行评议人、考试教练、辩论对手、图书馆员。
- 上下文：水平、学科、deadline、论文数量、引用风格、课程或项目。
- 目标：一个具体交付物——12 道题、1 页文献矩阵、5 条反论、4 周复习计划。
- 限制：字数、深度、允许的来源类型、跳过什么、绝不主张什么。
- 输出格式：编号清单、表格、JSON 或分级块（E / M / H），能粘到 Notion / Anki / Word。
- 示例 / 信号：1-2 段参考或反例（“不要像维基那样讲”）。
这套 Prompt 适合用在哪
- 标化考试阅读训练
- 教材章节检查点
- 期刊论文精读
- ESL / L2 阅读练习
- 读书会 / 文学课讨论题
15 个可直接复制的 Prompt 模板
1. 大意 + 3 细节 + 1 推理
默认理解审计，兼顾表层与深层。
Below is a passage. Generate: (1) a 1-sentence gist, (2) 3 factual detail questions with answers, (3) 1 inference question with answer plus the sentence that licenses it. Mark anything that requires outside knowledge.
{paste passage}可替换变量： passage
优化建议： 推理太弱时追加：“The inference must require combining 2+ sentences. Reject any inference that is just paraphrase.”
2. 作者意图题
For the passage below, generate 4 questions about author intent: (a) main argument, (b) tone, (c) intended audience, (d) one rhetorical move and its effect. Provide answers with line references.
{paste}3. 推理陷阱题
Generate 5 inference questions on this passage, with 4 answer choices each. Mark the correct answer and write 1 line explaining why each distractor is wrong. Make at least 2 distractors common misreadings.
{paste}4. 上下文词义
Pick 5 mid-difficulty words from this passage. For each: the word, the sentence, 4 meanings as multiple choice with the correct one marked, why the other 3 do not fit in this context.
{paste}5. 结构图
Outline the structure of this passage: introduction, body sections, transitions, conclusion. For each section, 1-line purpose plus the sentence that anchors it.
{paste}6. 论点 — 证据追踪
List every claim in the passage. For each: the evidence the author offers (data, anecdote, citation, none), and 1-line note on whether the support is strong, weak, or absent.
{paste}7. 语气与立场审计
Identify 4 sentences where word choice signals tone or bias. For each: quote the sentence, name the tone (skeptical, celebratory, neutral, hedging), and propose a neutral rewording.
{paste}8. 双文对比
Below are two short passages on {topic}. Generate 3 comparison questions: where they agree, where they disagree, which makes the stronger argument and why. Provide answers.
{paste passage A and B}9. 预测—再读
I will give you the title and first paragraph of an article. Before I read the rest, generate 4 questions I should expect the article to answer. After I read, I will check which were addressed and which were missing.
{paste title + first paragraph}10. 标化考试体题组
Below is a passage. Generate 6 standardized-test-style questions (1 main idea, 2 detail, 2 inference, 1 vocabulary-in-context) with 4 answer choices each. Mark correct answers and provide 1-line rationales.
{paste}11. ESL 难度调节
For the passage below, identify the 5 sentences that would be hardest for a {CEFR level} learner. For each: why it is hard (vocabulary, structure, idiom, reference), one simplified rewording, one comprehension question.
{paste}12. 叙事节拍（小说用）
For this excerpt, map the narrative beats: setting, inciting moment, conflict, turning point, resolution. Note which beats are explicit and which are implied. 1 question per beat for discussion.
{paste}13. “引句作答”题
Generate 5 questions where the answer must be supported by quoting a specific sentence from the passage. No paraphrasing allowed. Provide model answers with the quoted sentences.
{paste}14. 多段综合
For the passage below, write 3 synthesis questions that require combining information from at least 2 paragraphs. Provide answers and the paragraph references used.
{paste}15. 自我解释评分
I will summarize the passage in my own words. Score my summary on: (a) accuracy, (b) coverage of main argument, (c) inclusion of one inference, (d) absence of overclaim. Suggest one specific revision.
Passage: {paste}
My summary: {paste}容易踩的坑
- 没读文本就出题——AI 会误读，盲信会害你。
- 所有细节平权处理——理解优先看主论点和推理。
- 不看作者意图——分不清反讽和真诚。
- 把”改写”当”推理”——推理要跨句组合。
- 忽略上下文词义——词典义常与段落用法不符。
- 长文不画结构图——丢掉脚手架就丢掉论点。
- 只用一类题——细节、推理、词义、综合要混。
优化技巧
- 永远粘文本，不要让 AI 凭标题猜。
- 考试训练用模板 10 + 官方真题段落。
- 章节复习先模板 5（结构）再模板 6（论证）。
- ESL 用模板 11 按 CEFR 等级调难度。
- 答题后让 AI 标”你最弱的答案是哪条”并解释。
- 每月对比 AI 题与真题，校准差距。
- 每读完一章用模板 15（自我解释）一次。
FAQ
- AI 能评我的阅读理解答案吗？: 选择题可以；开放题在你给评分标准（模板 15）时可以。重要测评仍需人工核。
- AI 出的题接近真题吗？: 提示得当能接近 SAT / IELTS / TOEFL 体例；不能替代官方真题，但适合热身。
- 一篇文本多长合适？: 200-1000 字最佳。再长按段落分别出题。
- 答题前要读几遍？: 先读大意，再带着问题读，再核对——和真实理解的流程一致。
- 小说也能用这些 Prompt 吗？: 可以——模板 12 看叙事节拍、模板 7 看语气。文学课加一个”主题”问题。