“帮我总结这篇论文”会得到中学读后感——受众错、深度错。下面 15 个 Prompt 尊重 IMRAD 结构、如实呈现方法、识别局限，并产生可粘进文献矩阵 / 读书笔记 / 注释性书目的输出。
适合哪些场景
记读书笔记的研究生、做注释性书目的研究者、为大众写”研究表明”的记者，以及处理大量论文的临床或分析岗。
什么时候不建议这样写 Prompt
完全没读过的论文不要让 AI 替你”总结”——错引就是这么开始的。一定要自己先看摘要、图表、讨论。
Prompt 结构公式
摘要 Prompt 一定要带这六个要素：
- 角色：AI 扮演谁——研究导师、同行评议人、考试教练、辩论对手、图书馆员。
- 上下文：水平、学科、deadline、论文数量、引用风格、课程或项目。
- 目标：一个具体交付物——12 道题、1 页文献矩阵、5 条反论、4 周复习计划。
- 限制：字数、深度、允许的来源类型、跳过什么、绝不主张什么。
- 输出格式：编号清单、表格、JSON 或分级块（E / M / H），能粘到 Notion / Anki / Word。
- 示例 / 信号：1-2 段参考或反例（“不要像维基那样讲”）。
这套 Prompt 适合用在哪
- 文献综述前期阅读
- 读书笔记条目
- journal club 准备
- 注释性书目条目
- 面向大众 / 社媒的摘要
15 个可直接复制的 Prompt 模板
1. IMRAD 忠实 5 句版
默认摘要，保留评议人期待的结构。
Summarize the paper below in exactly 5 sentences, each addressing one IMRAD section: Introduction (research question), Methods (design + sample), Results (key finding with effect size if stated), Discussion (author interpretation), Limitations (named by authors). Do not editorialize.
{paste paper}可替换变量： paper text
优化建议： 输出变模糊时追加：“Cite a specific number, sample size, or named instrument in every sentence. No general phrases.”
2. 方法学诚实摘要
Summarize the paper’s methods in 100 words. Cover: study design, N, recruitment, primary measure, statistical approach. Then in 1 final sentence, name the single most consequential methodological limitation the authors acknowledge.
{paste methods + limitations sections}3. 150 字大众版
Translate the paper into 150 words for a non-expert reader. Use one analogy. Avoid all jargon (define every technical term inline). Keep numbers (sample size, effect size, p-value) intact but explain why each matters.
{paste}4. 读书笔记行
Output a single Notion-friendly bullet row for {paper}: Citation | Question | Method | N | Key finding | Limitation | Why it matters to my project ({my topic}).5. 注释性书目条目
Write a 120-word annotated-bibliography entry for {paper}. Cover: thesis, methodology, key findings, contribution to {field}, limitations. Voice: academic-formal, third person. Paste-ready under a {style — Chicago / APA} citation.6. 与既有研究对比段
Write a 150-word paragraph that summarizes {new paper} and explicitly contrasts it with {prior paper}: same / different question, same / different method, agreement or disagreement on findings. End with: "Where this paper advances the literature is...".7. 评议式摘要
Summarize the paper in 200 words, but add a final 3 bullets: (a) one methodological strength, (b) one methodological weakness, (c) one finding that would change my view of {topic} if it replicated.8. 讨论段去 spin
Read the discussion section below. Separate it into: (a) what the data showed, (b) what the authors interpret it to mean, (c) what they speculate beyond the data. Mark (c) with a caution flag.
{paste discussion}9. 可复制性提取
For the paper below, extract everything I would need to replicate the study: design, recruitment, materials/instruments, key DVs, analytic pipeline, deviations from preregistration. Flag anything missing or vaguely described.
{paste}10. 仅局限摘要
Extract only the limitations from the paper, both author-acknowledged and reviewer-likely. Group as: sample limitations, measurement limitations, design limitations, generalizability limitations. 5-8 bullets total.
{paste}11. 可引用金句库
Pull 5 quotable sentences from the paper that I could cite in my own writing. For each: page number (if available), why it matters, what context I would need to include with the quote.
{paste}12. 对比类发现表
Below is a paper that compares {A vs B}. Output a 4-column table: aspect compared | A finding | B finding | author conclusion. Stay strict to what is in the paper; do not infer.
{paste results}13. 图表摘要
I will describe Figure {X} in words: {paste description}. Help me write a 2-sentence summary suitable for a reading log: what the figure shows, what the takeaway is. No interpretation beyond what the figure caption supports.14. Journal club 讨论单
For {paper}, produce a 1-page journal-club sheet: 3-sentence summary, 3 strengths, 3 weaknesses, 3 questions to discuss, 1 next-study idea.15. 50 字”电梯摘要”
Compress the paper into exactly 50 words for a colleague who has 30 seconds. One sentence on question, one on method, one on finding, one on caveat, one on so-what. Do not invent.
{paste}容易踩的坑
- 让 AI 从 URL 总结——粘 PDF 正文，不是链接。
- 问”核心要点”——模型挑模糊主张；改问 IMRAD 各段。
- 没喂方法段就总结——无法替代你看方法的判断。
- 把讨论段当结论——分开 (a) 数据、(b) 解读、(c) 超出数据的猜测。
- 不提局限——没有局限的摘要等于误传。
- 直接引用 AI 改述的句子——直接引用必须回原文。
- 一套 Prompt 用在 200 字摘要和 60 页 meta 分析上——按长度选模板。
优化技巧
- 至少粘：abstract、methods、results、discussion、limitations。
- 长论文分两遍：先全文 → IMRAD 摘要，再摘要 → 一段精简版。
- 付费墙不要让 AI “猜”——拿到 PDF 再说。
- 总结与论文自身摘要对比，结论不一致就是总结错。
- 文献综述用模板 4 在 Notion 里跑 50+ 行，再按方法学分组。
- 把摘要模板存成 system prompt，几百篇论文保持一致。
- 如果你不敢当着原作者面汇报这份摘要，就重做。
FAQ
- AI 能只看摘要总结论文吗？: 可以，但会继承摘要里的 spin。至少喂方法 + 结果。
- 付费墙怎么办？: 通过图书馆拿到全文，不要从搜索引擎片段总结。
- AI 摘要的准确度多高？: 结构和总体可用，统计数字和局限部分弱，必须人工核对。
- 可以引用 AI 摘要吗？: 不可以。引用论文本身，摘要只是你的阅读辅助。
- 能批量总结 50 篇吗？: 可以——把模板 5 写成 system message，每次一篇。不要在一个 Prompt 里塞 3 篇以上，质量会崩。